A Study on the Correlation between Kinesthesis and Sport Skill 인문 · 사화과학편 : 운동감각(運動感覺)과 운동기능(運動機能)의 상관(相關)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
趙顯馨
24(1) 3-9, 1985
Title
A Study on the Correlation between Kinesthesis and Sport Skill 인문 · 사화과학편 : 운동감각(運動感覺)과 운동기능(運動機能)의 상관(相關)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
趙顯馨
DOI:
Abstract
A Study on the Correlation between Kinesthesia and Sport Skill.
The purpose of this paper is to study the correlation between Kinesthesia and sports skill.
Through the Test of Kinesthetic Perception and Sport Skill Test (Basketball, Soccer, Valleyball), 1 acquire the following results.
The data concerned here are gotton from selected 24 male general students and 54 Athlete groups (16 male Basketball players, 1 A male Volleyball players and 20 male Soccer players) of junior high school.
The four items of measurements in Kinesthesia are procedure for Horizontal space Test, Rall Throw Test, Distance Perception Jump and Pedestrial Test of Distance.
And those in Sports skill are Basketball Test of Johnson, Soccer Test of Crew and Volleyball Test of Russel & Lange
The findings of this paper are as follows;
1. In the measurement of Kinesthesia, as well as sports skill, the Athlete groups are superior to general students remarkably. And the order of Superiorty in Kinesthesia is Basketball players, Volleyball players, Soccer players.
2. The coefficient correlation between and among Kinesthetic Perception Test scarcely shows any connection. However Procedure for horizontal space test has low correlation (.3412 (P <0.05)) with Ball throw test, Pedestrial test of distance has affirmative correlation (0.5111 (P<0.01)) with Distance Perception jump.
3. The coefficient of correlation between Procedure for horizontal space test in Kinesthesia and Sports skill shows relatively low.; It varies from .4121 (f<0.01) at field goal speed test (Basketball), .3617 (P<0.01) at Throw for accuracy test (Basketball) to .5591 (P<0.01) at Service test (Volleyball) of general students and .3871 (p<0.05) at throw for accuracy test (Basketball), to .3124 (P<0.05) at Serve test (Volleyball) of athlete groups.
4. The coefficient of correlation between Ball throw test in Kinesthesia and Sport skill shows affirmative.; It varies from .5337 (P<0.01) at Field goal speed test (Basketball), .4653 (P<0.01) at Throw for accuracy test (Basketball) to .4413 (P<0.01) at Serve test (Volleyball) of general students. And for athlete groups, it shows .5015 (P<0.01) at Throw for accuracy test (Basketball), .4725 (P<0.01) at Serve test (Volleyball)
5. The coefficient of correlation between Pedestrial distance test of Kinesthesia and Sports skill shows relatively iow.: It varies from .3224 (P<0.05) at Field goal speed test (Basketball), .2941 (P<0.05) at Throw for accuracy test (Basketball), to .3624 (P<0.01) at Serve test (Volleyball) of general students. .And for athlete groups, it shows .4067 (P<0.01) at Throw for accuracy test (Basketball), 3631 (P<0.05) at Serve test (Volleyball).
6. The coefficient of correlation between Distance perception jump of Kinesthesia and sports skill shows relatively low.; For general students, it shows .3139 (P<0.05) at Serve test (Volleyball). And for athlete groups, it shows .3124 (P<0.05) at Throw for accuracy test (Basketball), .2912 (P<0.05) at Serve test (Volleyball).
Key Words
A Study on Diagnosis of Motor Nature and Development of Training Program for the Athletes in Ewha Womans University 인문 · 사화과학편 : 이대운동선수(梨大運動選手)의 신체자질진단(身體資質診斷)과 훈련(訓練)처방 프로그램개발(開發)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
尹南植NamSikYun
24(1) 11-21, 1985
Title
A Study on Diagnosis of Motor Nature and Development of Training Program for the Athletes in Ewha Womans University 인문 · 사화과학편 : 이대운동선수(梨大運動選手)의 신체자질진단(身體資質診斷)과 훈련(訓練)처방 프로그램개발(開發)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
尹南植NamSikYun
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to diagnose motor nature and develop an effective training program for physical fitness of athletes in Euwh Womans University. Thirty athletes from six events were used as subjects in the test. Physique, physical fitness and personality test were administered and results or records of sports in all the subjects investigated. On the basis of these analysis the following training program has been prepared.
1. An annual training program was catagorized into third steps and practices were conducted to fit for training aims: first, emphasis on training in off season to keep the normal vitality secondly, improvement of energetic ability for athletics; thirdly, practice of sport skill.
2. Training program for each events is as follows: Weight training, hollow sprint, interval training, accelerated sprint and sprint training be practiced for track and field athletes.
Weight training, accelerated sprint and sprint training should be practiced for swimming athletes. Weight training, hollow sprint and interval training should be practiced for skating athletes. Volley ball players should practice accelerated sprint, hollow sprint, interval training and sprint training. Personality suggestional respiration method, autogene training, hypnotic relaxation or immage training method should be selectively applied in accordance with the characteristics of sports as mental training methods.
Key Words
The Status on Health of an Athlete by Todai Health Index (THI) 인문 · 사화과학편 : 체육전공학생과 일반학생간의 건강실태 비교연구
김순재KimSoon-Jae
24(1) 23-31, 1985
Title
The Status on Health of an Athlete by Todai Health Index (THI) 인문 · 사화과학편 : 체육전공학생과 일반학생간의 건강실태 비교연구
김순재KimSoon-Jae
DOI:
Abstract
The study was conducted from September 1 to November 39, 1984 in order to evalute the psychosomatic health status of an athletes.
The data was obtained from the samples in an athletic high school and an athletic college and their 387 athletes. In addition the 908 students were sampled as control group to compare with an athletes in psycosomatic analysis.
The basic tool employed in the peresent study was the Todai Health Index (THI) with modified CMI and was developed by Tokyo University Research Team of Japan.
The data by an events, length of sports, age, and sex were collected. The results obtained were summarized as follows;
1. The responses of psycosomatic complaints were much lower in subject than in control except the responses of lie scale item in male group and respiratory item, lie scale item, nervousness item in female group.
2. The responses of psycosomatic complaints by sex were much higher in female group than in male group, except the responses of lie scale item and aggressiveness(P .05).
3. The responses of psycosomatic complaints by the length of sports were much high in a team sports than in an individual sports on irregular life item in male group and were much lower in a team sports than in an individual sports on depression item in female group.
4. The responses of psycosomatic complaints by age were that both the male and female group showed an increasing tendency in the digestive item and nervousness item as age increased.
5. The responses of psycosomatic complaints by length of sports were that both the female and male group showed a tendancy of increasing in the all items as length of sports, increased.
Key Words
A Study on the Long Jump in Track and Field 인문 · 사화과학편 : 멀리뛰기 ( Long Jump ) 의 지도방법(指導方法)에 관한 조사연구(調査硏究) - 도움닫기 , 발구르기를 중심(中心)으로 -
서정만SouJungMan
24(1) 33-45, 1985
Title
A Study on the Long Jump in Track and Field 인문 · 사화과학편 : 멀리뛰기 ( Long Jump ) 의 지도방법(指導方法)에 관한 조사연구(調査硏究) - 도움닫기 , 발구르기를 중심(中心)으로 -
서정만SouJungMan
DOI:
Abstract
This study was done for an effective runway and foot rolling methods in Long Jump.
Male Middle School students, 20 boys, and player 10 boys, were subject for study. Their Long Jump records, time for runway, time for dash, and foot rolling were measured and analyzed.
Results of the study can be summarized as follows.
1. In the case of middle school student, 20∼30m was suitable as the assistance jumping distance in the experimental group.
2. The 1st and 2nd target distance in the highest speed was 20∼15m.
3. The foot rolling position is most suitable 40-60 angel on the earth and center of body.
4. The experimental group showed the 45cm advance from the first to the sixth times.
According to his, for the record advance its very important to emphasize the assistance jumping distance and foot rolling speed.
Key Words
The Development Transition of Coodination and its Characteristics by Age 인문 · 사화과학편 : 조정력(調整力) 발달추이(發達推移)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
吳大成OhDaeSeong
24(1) 47-54, 1985
Title
The Development Transition of Coodination and its Characteristics by Age 인문 · 사화과학편 : 조정력(調整力) 발달추이(發達推移)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
吳大成OhDaeSeong
DOI:
Abstract
With the four last instruments of coordination field test, such as the jump over & crawal under, the side jumps, the zigzag run, and the stick reaction time, this study aims at observing the coordination transition, by aging, of the boys and girls (the testees) of from 5 to 12 years old, the transition difference of the sex, and the distribution curve of improvement. And after investigating the reliability, as the correlation of test item and the estimation method, the results of this paper are as follows:
1) The development transition of coordination is improved gradually. According to adding to the testees years, the curve is increased rapidly at the age of from 8 to 9 and since the age of 10 stopped. The items are as follows: The jump over & crawal under; The plateau curve is appeared at the age of from 7 to 10 and from 9 to 72, of boys and girls respectively.
The side jumps; while the curve is increased, of times, from 0.3 to 4.9 width until at the age of 12 of the boys, the girls’ curve is decreased at the age of from 6 to 9 and from 11 to 12 respectively. The zigzag run; The time, in the boys’ case, is shortening continually, but stopped at 13.9 seconds at the age of from 10 to 12, in the girls’s case.
The stick reaction time; The time is rapidly shortenine at the age of From 6 to 9 in both cases. But strangeiy the time is lengthened in the girls’ case.
2) The differences of the boys and the girls of development transition of coordination are as follows: In the jump over & crawl under, the zigzag run, and the stick reaction time, the boys are excellent. In the side jumps, the boys are excellent at the age of 6,8, and 12, but the girls at the age of 5,7, and 9. In general since at the age of 7 the development curve shows the big increase.
3) The aging distribution of coordination development is as follows: According to adding to their years, the width of standard deviation is narrowed. "thus the individual difference is great as low as possible in age, but in the side jumps, in both cases, the same deviation is appeared regardless of the age.
4) The correlation of coordination test items a as follows: The jump over & crawl under, the side jumps, and the stick reaction time show a relative big correlation one another, but a middle correlation with the zigzag. run.
5) The reliability of re-test is as follows: The side jumps shows a relatively high correlation as from 0.652 In 0.769 and the stick reaction time a relatively low correlation as tron 0.318 to 0.448.
Key Words
The Validity and Reliability of the Subjective Rating of Perceiveved Exertion 인문 · 사화과학편 : 주관적(主觀的) 운동강도(運動强度) ( RPE ) 의 신뢰성(信賴性)과 타당성(妥當性) 검토(檢討)
김경신KimKyeongSin
24(1) 55-60, 1985
Title
The Validity and Reliability of the Subjective Rating of Perceiveved Exertion 인문 · 사화과학편 : 주관적(主觀的) 운동강도(運動强度) ( RPE ) 의 신뢰성(信賴性)과 타당성(妥當性) 검토(檢討)
김경신KimKyeongSin
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to tests the validity and reliability of Borg`s scale of perceived exertion. The subjects was 12 male freshmen of c-univ. They worked on the Monark bicycle ergometer with several work load presented in random order. The testing order used during the random test was assigned using a Greoco-Latin square design and the work loads to the numbers were appointed randomly by experimenter.
There were a high reliability of two trials both for HR and RPE and significant validity of RPE in regard to two correlation coefficients of UR-RPE & WORK LOAD-RPE
Consequently, the Borg`s RPE scale could be used in an indicator of intensity of works.
Key Words
An Analysis on Value Point of Perfarmance and Virtuosity Point at 85 Asian Youth Gymnastics Champion Ships 인문 · 사화과학편 : 85 Asia 청소년체조선수권대회(靑少年體操選手權大會) 연기내용(演技內容)의 가치점(價値點)과 완성도(完成度)에 관(關)한 조사연구(調査硏究)
金忠泰KimChungTai , 金東敏KimDongMin
24(1) 61-68, 1985
Title
An Analysis on Value Point of Perfarmance and Virtuosity Point at 85 Asian Youth Gymnastics Champion Ships 인문 · 사화과학편 : 85 Asia 청소년체조선수권대회(靑少年體操選手權大會) 연기내용(演技內容)의 가치점(價値點)과 완성도(完成度)에 관(關)한 조사연구(調査硏究)
金忠泰KimChungTai , 金東敏KimDongMin
DOI:
Abstract
The subjects were six gimnasts who participated in 85 Asian Youth Gymnastics Championships they were perticipated in the third game (each event game) because of acquirement of high score in the first game (team events) The items investigated were value point of performance. The results were summarized as follows.
1. Value point of performance.
Value points of the winners in each event were as follows: horizontal bar... 24 points, parallel bar... 23 points, Pommel horse and rings... 21 point, Floorexercise... 18 points in descending order and vaulting order and Vaulitng... difficulty D. Banus-point possibilities in each event except vaulting were three more value of difficulty D leads to higher point.
2. Virtuosity
Winners virtuosity in each event was 100% at the second trial of vaulting 97.73% on Horizontal bar 95.46% on Pommel horse and Rings, and 93.19% in Floor exercise and on Parrallel bars. The decline in Virtuosity resulted from Parrallel bars the inaccuracy of landing.
In conclusion the demonstration of risk and orginality and correct execution one needed for the excellent performance and evaluation.
Key Words
The Influence of Box Drill and Slope Running on the 100 - meter Record Improvement 자연과학편 : Box Drill 과 경사지(傾斜地) 달리기가 100m 달리기 기록(記錄)에 미치는 영향(影響)
宋明煥SongMeungWhan
24(1) 71-78, 1985
Title
The Influence of Box Drill and Slope Running on the 100 - meter Record Improvement 자연과학편 : Box Drill 과 경사지(傾斜地) 달리기가 100m 달리기 기록(記錄)에 미치는 영향(影響)
宋明煥SongMeungWhan
DOI:
Abstract
In order to test the improvement of 100 m running records, we chose twenty-two track athletes in Stillim Gilrs Box Model and the Slope Model. The results obtained by the distance (100m. 60m. and 30m) the week. and the variation of the records are as follows:
1. In the case of 30m drills, both the Box Model and the Slope Model showed the improvement of the records according to the length of the drils.
*The Box Model: 0.06-0.16-0.64 sec.
*The Slope Model: 0.20-0.40-0.68 sec.
2. In the case of 60m drills, both the two groups showed the improvement of the records at the 9th and 30th week. but niether showed remarkable improvement at the 18th week.
3. In the case of 100m drills, the Box Model Group showed the improvement according to the length at the drill. but the Slope Model made very little progress according to the length of the drill though the gradual unprovement until the 9th week cannot be disregarded.
4. By thr result of T-verification upon the two models, we cannot say which drill midel is more effective for the improvement of the records of 100m running.
Key Words
A Study on Intensity of The Movement in Gymnastics for Children 자연과학편 : 소년기(少年期) 체조교육(體操敎育)의 운동강도(運動强度)에 대(對)한 실험연구(實驗硏究)
趙鳳衡BongHyungCho
24(1) 79-96, 1985
Title
A Study on Intensity of The Movement in Gymnastics for Children 자연과학편 : 소년기(少年期) 체조교육(體操敎育)의 운동강도(運動强度)에 대(對)한 실험연구(實驗硏究)
趙鳳衡BongHyungCho
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to obtain a certain measured value on current intensity of sports in gymnasitc lesson for children of higher grades of primary school which come under the boyhood, in order to find out "What kind of event can have direct effects on improvement of oxygen-containing work capability" Through some experiments.
Therefore, I tried to understand its maximum effective method by finding out the differences between laboratory measurements and actual lesions, based on the following tests.
1. Measurement of maximum oxygen intake by Tred Mill Running Method an preparation of relative formula, HR-VO² in minimum working.
2. Measrement of heart rate and oxygen intake in various motions being covered in scope of gymnastics for lesson of physical training."
3. Consecutive recording of heart rate during lesson of gymnastics.
4. Consecutive measurement of lesson of gymnastics and oxygen in take laboratory.
Thus, in order to meet the original purpose of this my study, I tried to analyze effective motion events for intensity of movement for them by testing oxygen-containing working stregth mainly on jogging, jumping, scampering. movement supported with arms, pushings and moving movements and playing with ball, etc., and also, by understanding heart rate and its changing results to analyze such possibility.
Key Words
SEVERAL SERUM ENZYME CHANGES IN RATS DURING HEAT EXPOSURE 자연과학편 : 온열폭로(溫熱曝露) 기간중(期間中) 흰쥐의 수종혈청산소(數種血淸酸素)의 변화(變化)
梁柱哲YANGJOO-CHULL
24(1) 97-112, 1985
Title
SEVERAL SERUM ENZYME CHANGES IN RATS DURING HEAT EXPOSURE 자연과학편 : 온열폭로(溫熱曝露) 기간중(期間中) 흰쥐의 수종혈청산소(數種血淸酸素)의 변화(變化)
梁柱哲YANGJOO-CHULL
DOI:
Abstract
These studies describe changes in the activity of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and serum creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CPK-isoenzyme), serum aldolase (ALD) and serum isocitric dehydrogenase ^*ICD) on heat exposed rats (Sprague-Dawley male) in a hot environment (34℃) and relationship of these change to the recovered rats. Rats were exposed for 4hr daily for 25 days at 34℃ with a relative humidity of 50-70% without physical activity. Control and recovered rats had been kept a temperature of 24℃ for 50 days and for 25 days, respectively.
1) The serum CPK activity level was a high significantly in the early stage of heat-exposure period and a high in the early stage of the recovery period. After the early stage of the recovery period, serum CPK activity showed a attaining steady-state level with the resting level at the end of recovery period.
2) Electrophoratic separation of serum of control rats showed three bands indicating three CPK isoenzymes Isoenzymes MM-CRK and BB-CPK appeared most prominently, whereas only trace of MB-CPK was found. The increase in serum CPK level during heat exposure is a reflection of an immediate increase in the MB-CPK type of CPK isoenzyme. The isoenzyme patterns of recovered rats recovered the resting isoenzyme levels at the end of covery period.
3) The activity of serum ALD increased and decreased in the early stage of heat-exposure period, and then decreased in the early stage of recovery period. These differences were statistically significant. The level of serum ALD activity at the end of heat-exposure period, and at the recovery period was less than the control values.
4) Heat exposure caused a significant increase in serum ICD activity in the early stage of heat-exposure period, but the recovered rats attained a new steady-state level with the resting level for the recovery period.
5) From the result attained in the present study thermal treatment to 34℃ seems to affect serum CPK and CPK isoenzymes, serum ALD, and serum ICD activity levels in the early stage during heat-exposure period. Exposure of rats to the prolonged thermal treatment effects an increase in the MB-CPK isoenzyme. These several enzyme activity levels recovered generally the resting level in the early stage of recovery period. Therefore, consideration must be given to the possible mechanism by which heat exposure may alter cellular permeability leading to a rise in serum enzymes values. The possibility is considered that this is due indirectly to the tissue destruction, known to occur during prolonged thermal treatment.
Key Words
A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF 4 WEEKS AEROBIC TRAINING OF COLLEGE WOMEN - Emphasized on Circulation, Respiratory System - 자연과학편 : 여대생(女大生)의 4주간(週間) Aerobic Training의 효과(效果)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF 4 WEEKS AEROBIC TRAINING OF COLLEGE WOMEN - Emphasized on Circulation, Respiratory System - 자연과학편 : 여대생(女大生)의 4주간(週間) Aerobic Training의 효과(效果)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
The purpose of the study was to find the effects of 4 weeks Aerobic training program.
The sixteen female subjects majored in physical education.
The criterion variable were Heart rate, Vital capacity, harvard step test score, Jumping & Stepping test score, Pwc 150 score.
The results are as following;
1. HR rest was 79.81 ± 8.36 beats/min before training, 76.94 ± 7.48 beats/min, therefore had the effects as much as 2.88 ± 5.43 beats/min (3.60%) for the Aerobic training.
2. Vital capacity was 3270 ± 341.36 cc before the training, 3419 ± 334.36 cc after the training, therefore had the effects as much as 148.75 ± 127.17 cc (4.55%) for the aerobic training. Harvard step test score was 85.43 ± 13.92 before the training, 86.08 ± 13.64 after the training, therefore had not much difference in the effects of training as 0.65 ± 5.56 (0.76%)
4. Jumping & Steping test score was 24.25 ± 2.11 times before the training, 26.44 ± 1.97 times after the training, therefore had the effects as much as 2.25 ± 1.13 times (9.28%) for the aerobic training.
5. In ergometer exercise, recovery, HR change was not much difference in generally. All-out time was 8.06 ± 1.05 min before the training, 8.76 ± 1.17 min after the training, therfore had the effects as much as 0.70 min (8.7%), but HR average, HRmax was increased 3.35 beats/min, 3.44 beats/min.
6. Pwc 150 score was 5.22 min (24.19m) before the training, 5.32 min (2542m) after the training, therefore pwc 150 manifested time had the effects of the Aerobic tranining as much as 0.10 min(123m).
Key Words
Changes of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure after Exercise in Athletes of Various Age Groups 자연과학편 : 륙상선수(陸上選手)의 연령(年齡) 증가(增加)에 따른 운동부하후(運動負荷後) 심박수(心搏數) 및 혈압(血壓)의 변화(變化)
Changes of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure after Exercise in Athletes of Various Age Groups 자연과학편 : 륙상선수(陸上選手)의 연령(年齡) 증가(增加)에 따른 운동부하후(運動負荷後) 심박수(心搏數) 및 혈압(血壓)의 변화(變化)
The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of heart rate and blood pressure a 1'ter exercise with age in athletes. The subjects were seventy-nine male primary school, middle school, high school and college students divided into athletic and non-athletic groups. The exercise performed was 800m running at full speed on the traek.
The results obtained axe summarized as follows:
The hear： rate at rest was significantly lower in athletes than in non-athietes. And the difference larger with increasing age. During exercise (400m» the heart rate was higher in athletes than in non-athletes.
The heart rate at 1 min after exercise (800m) was higher in non-athletes and lower in athletes than the respective values during exercise. And the difference was smaller with increasing age.
The rate of recovery was significantly high immediately after exercise in athletes and in older age groups
The systolic pressure at rest did not show any significant difference between non-athletes and athletes. Bu t during exercise and at 1 min after exercise the systolic pressure was higher in athletes than in non-athletes.
In both groups the pressure was highest in college students and lowest in primary schoo1 students.
Both in non-athletes and athletes, the rate of recovery was significantly high immediately after exercise in athletes and in the older age groups.
The diastolic pressure was decreased compared with resting values from 5 min after exercise in athletes, but no significant difference was observed in non-athletes. Also it was increased with increasing age in athletes but there was no significant difference in non-athletes.
Key Words
A Longitudinal Study on the Relationship between the Body Height and the Stand - jumping Ability 자연과학편 : 년령별(年齡別) 신장(身長)과 제자리 멀리뛰기의 종단적(縱斷的) 연구(硏究) - 12재(才) ∼ 17재(才)를 중심(中心)으로 -
元忠熙WonChung-Hie
24(1) 143-150, 1985
Title
A Longitudinal Study on the Relationship between the Body Height and the Stand - jumping Ability 자연과학편 : 년령별(年齡別) 신장(身長)과 제자리 멀리뛰기의 종단적(縱斷的) 연구(硏究) - 12재(才) ∼ 17재(才)를 중심(中心)으로 -
元忠熙WonChung-Hie
DOI:
Abstract
This study was started for the purpose of identifying the relations of body height to the stand-jumping ability of high school students in Korea.
The objects of this study were the records of hieght and stand jumping of 6.34 student during six years from their age of twelve.
The statistical methods use were mean, standard deviation, correlation and regression eguation.
The results were as follows.
1) The body height growth of the students from middle cities was generally higher than that of those from other cities, and the older the students, the larger the differences between the body heights.
2) In the case of stand-jumping growth, the middle city students were the greatest of other cities, and the older the stuedtnts, the greater the differences between the growths, especially at the age of 17 of them.
3) With regard to the annual height growth. the amount of large city and small city-stuents’ growth were smaller than the middle city-students’ at the age of 13.
4) The differneces of the annual amount of stand-jumping growth were irregular in all cities.
5) The total amount of height growth during six years was 23.2㎝ in middle and large city-stuednts, but 22.6㎝ in small city ones.
6) The total amount of stand-jumping growth was 50.50㎝ in middle cities 44.06㎝ in small ones, and 24.52㎝ in large ones.
7) The correlation between the height at the age of 12 to 16 and stand-jumping at the age of 17 was r=0.2-0.4
